METAR中摩擦系数的那些事(俄罗斯)
很早之前就想研究一下俄罗斯“道面状况”的报告,比如实况报文附加的跑道道面状况。2021年ICAO力推的GRF(全球报告格式),目前大部分国家都采用了GRF,但俄罗斯仍然使用旧版的SNOWTAM格式。苦于一直没有找到材料,最近收到俄罗斯情报中心的邮件,详细的分享了俄罗斯道面状况报告的一些特点,下面跟大家分享一下!
下面是俄罗斯METAR/SPECI的格式(文末附件1),红框内的是“道面状况”的报告,简单介绍一下这些都是什么意思!
红色部分是俄罗斯特有的编码,每一个编码数字代表的意思见下面的图表。有一些特殊的如:R/SNOCLO 表示:机场因跑道积雪而关闭。
根据俄罗斯AIP AD1.2,俄罗斯使用两种摩擦系数,暂且翻译为“实测摩擦系数和标准摩擦系数”,其中实测摩擦系数与ICAO旧版的雪情通告分类一致。当标准摩擦系数低于0.3后跑道将会关闭。(RWY will be closed for ACFT operations, when the value of the normative friction coefficient is below 0.3.)
俄罗斯仍然使用旧版的SNOWTAM的格式标准,通常情况下,可以正常使用雪情通告来判断道面状况。但飞了这么多年,总有例外的情况,比如偶尔UEEE雅库茨克下了半天的雪,愣是不发SNOWTAM,这个时候METAR/SPECI中道面状况就可以起到比较关键信息的作用。
METAR UEEE 171700Z 02002MPS 2400 -SHSN BKN017CB M14/M16 Q1013 R23/450160 NOSIG RMK QFE751=
使用METAR/SPECI中跑道道面状况信息,如报告刹车效应,则不需要区分;如报告摩擦系数,需了解机场使用什么类型的摩擦系数,才能判断跑道刹车效应和状况代码。
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The measured friction coefficient in METAR is provided by airports Sheremetyevo (UUEE) and Makhachkala (URML).
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In all other Russian international airports, the runway friction coefficient in METAR is the normative friction coefficient (the digits of the code are from 00 to 90), with the exclusion of Simferopol (URFF) and Kaliningrad (UMKK) airports, which provide the estimated friction coefficient (the digits of the code are from 91 to 99 and //).
UUEE、UUDD和UUWW提供实测摩擦系数和预计刹车效应,通常英文ATIS提供刹车效应。
In the part of Russian AIP concerning the airports Vnukovo (UUWW), Domodedovo (UUDD) and Sheremetyevo (UUEE) it is stated that the information on the runway conditions in ATIS is provided in English, the value of the measured friction coefficient and that of the estimated friction coefficient.
As a rule, ATIS in English provide estimated friction coefficient.
Series S NOTAM (SNOWTAM) contain information about snow, slush, ice or standing water in the aerodrome movement areas. SNOWTAM are issued in the format of the ICAO Annex 15 and with common serial numbers for all aerodromes published in the present AIP for the season from October 15 up to April 15 in accordance with the Snow Plan annually published and distributed as an Aeronautical Information Circular。
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